REFERENCES

1. Mahmoud H. Barriers to gauging built environment climate vulnerability. Nat Clim Chang 2020;10:482-5.

2. Navarre B. 10 of the deadliest natural disasters in 2021. Available from: https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/here-are-10-of-the-deadliest-natural-disasters-in-2021 [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

3. Cost of natural disaster losses worldwide from 2000 to 2021, by type of loss. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/612561/natural-disaster-losses-cost-worldwide-by-type-of-loss/ [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

4. Natural disasters cost $145 billion in 2021 - 3rd-costliest year on record. 2022. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2022/01/10/us-natural-disasters-cost-145-billion-in-2021---3rd-costliest-year-on-record/?sh=11b891de4606 [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

5. The White House. Presidential policy directive - critical infrastructure security and resilience. Available from: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/presidential-policy-directive-critical-infrastructure-security-and-resil [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

6. European Commission. Recovery plan for Europe. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/recovery-plan-europe_en [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

7. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Community resilience planning guide for buildings and infrastructure systems. Volume I. 2016.

8. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Community resilience planning guide for buildings and infrastructure systems. Volume II. 2016.

9. Center of Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning. IN-CORE (Interdependent networked community resilience modeling environment). Available from: http://resilience.colostate.edu/in_core/ [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

10. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Inventory of EPA’s Tools for enhancing resilience to disasters. 2016. Available from: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100QYUD.txt [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

11. Summers JK, Harwell LC, Smith LM, Buck KD. Measuring community resilience to natural hazards: the natural hazard resilience screening index (NaHRSI)-development and application to the united states. GeoHealth 2018;2:372-94.

12. Summers JK, Lamper A, McMillion C, Harwell L. Observational verification of the cumulative resilience screening index (CRSI) using hurricanes, inland floods, and wildfires from 2016 to 2019. GeoHealth 2022;6:e2022GH000660.

13. Summers JK, Smith LM, Harwell LC, Buck KD. Conceptualizing holistic community resilience to climate events: foundation for a climate resilience screening index. GeoHealth 2017;1:151-64.

14. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Resilience analysis and planning tool: user guide. 2022. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/practitioners/resilience-analysis-and-planning-tool [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

15. Mulyasari F, Inoue S, Prashar S, et al. Disaster preparedness: looking through the lens of hospitals in Japan. Int J Disaster Risk Sci 2013;4:89-100.

16. Jacques CC, McIntosh J, Giovinazzi S, Kirsch TD, Wilson T, Mitrani-Reiser J. Resilience of the canterbury hospital system to the 2011 christchurch earthquake. Earthq Spectra 2014;30:533-54.

17. Singer AJ, Thode HC, Viccellio P, Pines JM. The association between length of emergency department boarding and mortality. Acad Emerg Med 2011;18:1324-9.

18. The Institute for Public Policy & Economic Development. Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA: Outmigration of Care. 2013. Available from: https://www.institutepa.org/ [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

19. Hinojosa J, Meléndez E, Pietri KS. Population decline and school closure in Puerto Rico (Centro RB2019-01). Available from: https://centropr-archive.hunter.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/PDF_Publications/centro_rb2019-01_cor.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

20. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Incremental seismic rehabilitation of school buildings, K-12. 2002. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/pdf/plan/prevent/rms/395/fema395.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

21. Nakano Y. Seismic rehabilitation of seismically vulnerable school buildings in Japan. J Japan Assoc Earthq Eng 2004;4:218-29. Available from: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jaee2001/4/3/4_3_218/_pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023]

22. Fujieda A, Pandey BH, Ando S. Safe schools to reduce vulnerability of children to earthquakes. In: The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. 12-17 October 2008; Beijing, China; Available from: https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_09-01-0081.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023]

23. Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. Seismic compliance and safety. 2021. Available from: https://ssc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2021/09/AB100-Report-to-Seismic-Commission-8.31.21-FINAL.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

24. Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M. Seismic resilience of a hospital system. Struct Infrastruct Eng 2010;6:127-44.

25. Kirsch TD, Mitrani-Reiser J, Bissell RA, et al. Impact on hospital functions following the 2010 chilean earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2010;4:122-8.

26. Kuo KC, Banba M, Suzuki Y. Loss analysis of medical functionality due to hospital’s earthquake-induced damage. In: The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. 12-17 October 2008; Beijing, China; Available from: https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_10-0066.PDF [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023]

27. Sheikhbardsiri H, Raeisi AR, Nekoei-Moghadam M, Rezaei F. Surge capacity of hospitals in emergencies and disasters with a preparedness approach: a systematic review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017;11:612-20.

28. Cantrill S, Pons P. HAvBED 2 hospital available beds for emergencies and disasters: a sustainable bed availability reporting system. 2005. Available from: https://asprtracie.hhs.gov/technical-resources/resource/586/havbed-2-hospital-available-beds-for-emncies-and-disasters-a-sustainable-bed-availability-reporting-system [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

29. Hassan EM, Mahmoud H. An integrated socio-technical approach for post-earthquake recovery of interdependent healthcare system. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 2020;201:106953.

30. Mayer DP, Mullens JE, Moore MT, Ralph J. Monitoring school quality: an indicators report. 2000. Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/2001030.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

31. National Research Council. Key national education indicators. In: Steering committee on workshop on key national education indicators. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2012. Available from: https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13453/key-national-education-indicators-workshop-summary [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

32. Augenti N, Cosenza E, Dolce M, Manfredi G, Masi A, Samela L. Performance of school buildings during the 2002 Molise, Italy, earthquake. Earthq Spectra 2004;20:257-70.

33. Beaglehole B, Bell C, Frampton C, Moor S. The impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on successful school leaving for adolescents. Aust N Z J Public Health 2018;41:70-3.

34. Oyguc R, Guley E. Performance assessment of two aseismically designed RC school buildings after the October 23, 2011, Van, Turkey Earthquake. J Perform Constr Facil 2017;31:1-19.

35. Hassan EM, Mahmoud HN, Ellingwood BR. Resilience of school systems following severe earthquakes. Earths Future 2020;8:e2020EF001518.

36. Cimellaro GP. Urban resilience for emergency response and recovery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

37. Hassan EM, Mahmoud H. Healthcare and education networks interaction as an indicator of social services stability following natural disasters. Sci Rep 2021;11:1664.

38. National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST special publication 1190GB-2: guide brief 2-identify social institutions. 2016.

39. Cristian B. Hospital resilience: a recent concept in disaster preparedness. J Crit Care Med 2018;4:81-2.

40. Achour N, Miyajima M. Post-earthquake hospital functionality evaluation: the case of Kumamoto Earthquake 2016. Earthq Spectra 2020;36:1670-94.

41. Thi T, Shaw R. School-based disaster risk reduction education in primary schools in Da Nang city, Central Vietnam. Environ Hazards 2016;15:356-73.

42. Mahmoud H, Chulahwat A. Spatial and temporal quantification of community resilience: gotham city under attack. Comput-Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng 2018;33:353-72.

43. Applied Technology Council. FEMA P-1000, safer, stronger, smarter: a guide to improving school natural hazard safety. 2017. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/risk-management/earthquake/training/fema-p-1000 [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

44. Giri S, Risnes K, Uleberg O, et al. Impact of 2015 earthquakes on a local hospital in Nepal: a prospective hospital-based study. PLoS One 2018;13:1-16.

45. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Technical investigation of the May 22, 2011 tornado in Joplin, Missouri. 2013. Available from: https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2017/05/09/NCSTACmtgDec2013KuligowskiJoplin.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

46. Pointer JE, Michaelis J, Saunders C, et al. The 1989 loma prieta earthquake: impact on hospital patient care. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:1228-33.

47. Loma Prieta earthquake October 17, 1989, preliminary reconnaissance report. Earthq Spectra 1990;6:127-49. Available from: https://www.eeri.org/images/archived/wp [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023]

48. Miyamoto HK, Gilani AS, Wada A. Reconnaissance report of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, damage survey of buildings and retrofit options. In: The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. 12-17 October 2008; Beijing, China; pp. 1-10. Available from: https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_S31-031.PDF [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023]

49. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (Unicef) China. More than 10,000 schools in Sichuan badly damaged. Available from: https://www.unicef.cn/en/press-releases/more-10000-schools-sichuan-badly-damaged [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

50. Schulze SS, Fischer EC, Hamideh S, Mahmoud H. Wildfire impacts on schools and hospitals following the 2018 California camp fire. Nat Hazards 2020;104:901-25.

51. Gray BH, Hebert K. Hospitals in hurricane katrina: challenges facing custodial institutions in a disaster. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2006;18:283-98.

52. Oblack R. Back-to-school after hurricane Katrina: the New Orleans school district makes changes and adjustments. Available from: https://www.thoughtco.com/back-to-school-after-hurricane-katrina-3443854#:~:text [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

53. Cabinet Office Government of Japan. White paper on disaster management 2011. Available from: http://www.bousai.go.jp/kaigirep/hakusho/pdf/WPDM2011_Summary.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

54. Ritchie H, Roser M. Natural disasters. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/natural-disasters [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

55. Miller RK, Hui I. Impact of short school closures (1-5 days) on overall academic performance of schools in California. Sci Rep 2022;12:1-13.

56. Ukai T. The great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake and the problems with emergency medical care. Ren Fail 1997;19:633-45.

57. Uemoto M, Asakawa A, Takamiya S, Asakawa K, Inui A. Kobe earthquake and post-traumatic stress in school-aged children. Int J Behav Med 2012;19:243-51.

58. Wong KK, Shi J, Gao H, et al. Why is school closed today? PLoS One 2014;9:2011-3.

59. Chaffee MW, Oster NS. The role of hospitals in disaster. In: Disaster medicine. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 2006. pp. 34-42. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780323032537500121 [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

60. Singh A. Puerto Ricans transform closed schools into community centers. Available from: https://truthout.org/articles/puerto-ricans-transform-closed-schools-into-community-centers/ [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

61. Lai BS, Osborne MC, Lee NH, et al. Trauma-informed schools: child disaster exposure, community violence and somatic symptoms. J Affect Disord 2018;238:586-92.

62. Peek L, Abramson DM, Cox RS, Fothergill A, Tobin J. Children and disasters. In: Handbooks of sociology and social research. 2018. pp. 243-62. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_13 [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

63. Masten AS, Narayan AJ. Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: pathways of risk and resilience. Annu Rev Psychol 2012;63:227-57.

64. Masten AS. Resilience theory and research on children and families: past, present, and promise. J Fam Theory Rev 2018;10:12-31.

65. Masten AS, Narayan AJ, Silverman WK, Osofsky JD. Children in war and disaster. In: Handbook of child psychology and developmental science. 2015. pp. 1-42. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118963418 [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

66. Cimellaro GP, Pique M. Resilience of a hospital emergency department under seismic event. Adv Struct Eng 2016;19:825-36.

67. Public Health and Emergency Medical Authorities. California public health and medical emergencies operations manual. 2011. Available from: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/EPO/CDPH Document Library/EOM Documents/California_Public_Health_and_Medical_Emergency_Operations_Manual-current.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

68. Centers for Medicare & Medicare Services. Emergency preparedness rule. 2020. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertEmergPrep/Emergency-Prep-Rule.html [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

69. Ochi S, Tsubokura M, Kato S, et al. Hospital staff shortage after the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan-an earthquake, tsunamis, and nuclear power plant accident: a case of the soso district. PLoS One 2016;11:1-12.

70. Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn A, Bruneau M. Quantification of seismic resilience of health care facilities. 2008. Available from: https://www.eng.buffalo.edu/mceer-reports/09/09-0009.pdf [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

71. Paterson J, Berry P, Ebi K, Varangu L. Health care facilities resilient to climate change impacts. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014;11:13097-116.

72. Cimellaro GP, Arcidiacono V, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M. Disaster resilience of hospitals considering emergency ambulance services. In: Structures Congress 2013. Reston, VA: ASCE.

73. Lennquist Montán K, Riddez L, Lennquist S, et al. Assessment of hospital surge capacity using the MACSIM simulation system: a pilot study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2017;43:525-39.

74. California Department of Public Health. California department of public health standards and guidelines for healthcare surge during emergencies. Volume I: hospitals. 2006. Available from: https://www.calhospitalprepare.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/volume1_hospital_final.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

75. ASCE/SEI 7-16. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers; 2017. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/book/10.1061/9780784414248 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

76. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Risk management series: design guide for improving hospital safety in earthquakes, floods, and high winds (FEMA 577). Washington, DC: FEMA; 2007. Available from: https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dhs/fema/fema-577 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

77. Kelen GD, Troncoso R, Trebach J, et al. Effect of reverse triage on creation of surge capacity in a pediatric hospital. JAMA Pediatr 2017;171:1-8.

78. Burkle FM. Population-based triage management in response to surge-capacity requirements during a large-scale bioevent disaster. Acad Emerg Med 2006;13:1118-29.

79. Benson M, Koenig KL, Schultz CH. Disaster triage: START, then SAVE-A new method of dynamic triage for victims of a catastrophic earthquake. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1049023X0004276X/type/journal_article [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

80. Raker EJ, Arcaya MC, Lowe SR, Zacher M, Rhodes J, Waters MC. Mitigating health disparities after natural disasters: lessons from the risk project. Health Aff 2020;39:2128-35.

81. Engzell P, Frey A, Verhagen MD. Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2021;118:e2022376118.

82. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Back-to-school statistics. Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

83. Hancilar U, Çaktı E, Erdik M, Franco GE, Deodatis G. Earthquake vulnerability of school buildings: probabilistic structural fragility analyses. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2014;67:169-78.

84. FEMA-428/BIPS-07. Primer to design safe school projects in case of terrorist attacks and school shootings. 2012; Available from: https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/st/bips07_428_schools.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

85. U.S. Department of Education. Lessons learned from school crises and emergencies. 2007. Available from: https://training.fema.gov/programs/emischool/el361toolkit/assets/after_actionreports.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

86. European Commission. Education in emergencies in EU-funded humanitarian aid operations. 2019. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/news/eie_in_humanitarian_assistance.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

87. USAID. Guide to edudcation in natural disasters: how USAID supports education in crises. 2014. Available from: https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/guide-education-natural-disasters-how-usaid-supports-education-crises [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

88. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Why invest in disaster risk reduction? In: Making cities resilient - my city is getting ready! 2010. Available from: https://www.preventionweb.net/files/26462_3.chapitre1.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

89. Mooney M, Tarrant R, Paton D, Johnston D, Johal S. The school community contributes to how children cope effectively with a disaster. Pastor Care Educ 2021;39:24-47.

90. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Returning to school after an emergency or disaster: tips to help your students cope. 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/childrenindisasters/school-return-after.html [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

91. FEMA. Assistance for governments and private non-profits after a disaster. 2022. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/assistance/public [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

92. U.S. Department of Education. Immediate aid to restart school operations (restart). 2022. Available from: https://oese.ed.gov/offices/disaster-recovery-unit/immediate-aid-to-restart-school-operations-restart/ [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

93. Coalition for Responsible Home Education. Current homeschooling law. 2020. Available from: https://responsiblehomeschooling.org/policy-issues/current-policy/ [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

94. Reimers F, Schleicher A, Saavedra J, Tuominen S. Supporting the continuation of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/education/Supporting-the-continuation-of-teaching-and-learning-during-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

95. Kalogiannidis S, Toska E, Chatzitheodoridis F, Kalfas D. Using school systems as a hub for risk and disaster management: a case study of greece. Risks 2022;10:1-18.

96. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Historical. 2021. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NationalHealthAccountsHistorical [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

97. Freeman WJ, Weiss AJ, Heslin KC. Overview of U.S. hospital stays in 2016: variation by geographic region. 2018. Available from: https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb246-Geographic-Variation-Hospital-Stays.jsp [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

98. World Bank. Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP). 2020. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

99. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Public school enrollment. 2022. Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cga/public-school-enrollment [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

100. Butler SM, Diaz C. Hospitals and schools as hubs for building healthy communities. 2016. Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/hospitalsandschoolsashubs_butler_diaz_120516.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

101. United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. 2015. Available from: https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

102. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). UNICEF strategic plan 2018-2021 (executive summary). New York, USA: UNICEF; 2017. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/media/48126/file/UNICEF_Strategic_Plan_2018-2021-ENG.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

103. WCO Nepal. Non-structural assessment of hospitals in Nepal. 2003. Available from: https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/non-structural-vulnerability-assessment-hospitals-nepal [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

104. Reitherman R. How to prepare a hospital for an earthquake. J Emerg Med 1986;4:119-31.

105. Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 74: reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage a practical guide. 1994. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/risk-management/earthquake/training/fema-e-74 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

106. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Healthcare facilities and power outages. 2019. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/healthcare-facilities-and-power-outages.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

107. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Strategies to mitigate healthcare personnel staffing shortages. 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/mitigating-staff-shortages.html [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

108. Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR). Hospital preparedness program (HPP). 2022. Available from: https://aspr.hhs.gov/HealthCareReadiness/HPP/Pages/default.aspx [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

109. U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. Building health care sector resilience. 2022. Available from: https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/human-health/building-climate-resilience-health-sector [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

110. REMS. Mitigation for schools and school districts. 2017. Available from: https://rems.ed.gov [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

111. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Project AWARE (advancing wellness and resiliency in education). 2022. Available from: https://www.samhsa.gov/grants/grant-announcements/sm-22-001 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

112. Center for Reslience + Well-Being in Schools. Resilience in schools & educators. 2022. Available from: https://ibsweb.colorado.edu/crw/what-we-do/rise/ [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

113. California Department of Education. State superintendent tony thurmond announces the ‘angst: building resilience’ statewide initiative available to all public middle and high schools in california to assist in addressing student mental health needs that have increased during COVID. 2021. Available from: https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr21/yr21rel79.asp [Last accessed on 10 Mar 2023].

114. HAZUS-MH 2.1. Multi-hazard loss estimation methodology: earthquake model. 2015. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/fema_hazus_earthquake-model_technical-manual_2.1.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

115. Hassan EM, Mahmoud H. Modeling resolution effects on the seismic response of a hospital steel building. J Constr Steel Res 2017;139:254-71.

116. Gargaro D, Rainieri C, Fabbrocino G. Structural and seismic monitoring of the “Cardarelli” hospital in Campobasso. Procedia Eng 2017;199:936-41.

117. Ferraioli M. Case study of seismic performance assessment of irregular RC buildings: hospital structure of Avezzano (L’Aquila, Italy). Earthq Eng Eng Vib 2015;14:141-56.

118. Youance S, Nollet M. Post-earthquake functionality of critical facilities: a hospital case study. In: The 15th world conference on earthquake engineering. 2012. Available from: http://iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_2287.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023]

119. Marasco S, Noori AZ, Cimellaro GP. Cascading hazard analysis of a hospital building. J Struct Eng 2017;143:9.

120. Short CA, Renganathan G, Lomas KJ. A medium-rise 1970s maternity hospital in the east of England: resilience and adaptation to climate change. Build Serv Eng Res Technol 2015;36:247-74.

121. Short CA, Lomas KJ, Giridharan R, Fair AJ. Building resilience to overheating into 1960’s UK hospital buildings within the constraint of the national carbon reduction target: adaptive strategies. Build Environ 2012;55:73-95.

122. Hassan EM, Mahmoud H. A framework for estimating immediate interdependent functionality reduction of a steel hospital following a seismic event. Eng Struct 2018;168:669-83.

123. Bilgin H. Generation of fragility curves for typical RC health care facilities: emphasis on hospitals in Turkey. J Perform Constr Facil 2015;30:3.

124. Karapetrou S, Manakou M, Bindi D, Petrovic B, Pitilakis K. “Time-building specific” seismic vulnerability assessment of a hospital RC building using field monitoring data. Eng Struct 2016;112:114-32.

125. Karapetrou KPS, Manakou DBM. Structural monitoring and earthquake early warning systems for the AHEPA hospital in Thessaloniki. Bull Earthq Eng 2016;14:2543-63.

126. Nikfar F, Konstantinidis D. Experimental study on the seismic response of equipment on wheels and casters in base-isolated hospitals. J Struct Eng 2019;145:1-16.

127. Nikfar F, Konstantinidis D. Shake table investigation on the seismic performance of hospital equipment supported on wheels/casters. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 2017;46:243-66.

128. Cosenza E, Sarno L, Maddaloni G, Magliulo G, Petrone C, Prota A. Shake table tests for the seismic fragility evaluation of hospital rooms. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 2015;44:23-40.

129. Angelis A, Pecce M. Seismic nonstructural vulnerability assessment in school buildings. Nat Hazards 2015;79:1333-58.

130. Educational Facilities Research Center. Case studies of seismic nonstructural retrofitting in school facilities. 2005. Available from: https://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/pdf/e-jirei.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

131. Anwar N, Adhikar S, Shahid M, Shrestha S. Making schools safer for earthquakes effectiveness of retrofitting: case studies from Nepal. 2016. Available from: http://solutions.ait.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/AITS-Case-Studies-Nepal-Making-Schools-Safer-for-Earthquakes.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

132. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Risk management series: design guide for improving school safety in earthquakes, floods, and high winds. 2010. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/pdf/plan/prevent/rms/424/fema424_cvr-toc.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

133. Hassan EM, Mahmoud H. Full functionality and recovery assessment framework for a hospital subjected to a scenario earthquake event. Eng Struct 2019;188:165-77.

134. Bruneau M, Reinhorn A. Exploring the concept of seismic resilience for acute care facilities. Earthq Spectra 2007;23:41-62.

135. European Commission. Communication from the commission on effective, accessible and resilient health systems. 2014. Available from: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a1a5bb20-be49-11e3-86f9-01aa75ed71a1/language-en [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

136. World Health Organization (WHO). Operational framework for building climate resilient health systems. 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565073 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

137. Kruk ME, Myers M, Varpilah ST, Dahn BT. What is a resilient health system? Lancet 2015;385:1910-2.

138. Blanchet K, Nam SL, Ramalingam B, Pozo-Martin F. Governance and capacity to manage resilience of health systems: towards a new conceptual framework. Int J Health Policy Manag 2017;6:431-5.

139. Abimbola S, Topp SM. Adaptation with robustness: the case for clarity on the use of ‘resilience’ in health systems and global health. BMJ Glob Health 2018;3:e000758.

140. Benard B. Fostering resiliency in kids. 1991. Available from: https://www.wested.org/resources/fostering-resiliency-in-kids-protective-factors-in-the-family-school-and-community/ [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

141. Handmer JW, Dovers SR. A typology of resilience: rethinking institutions for sustainable development. Ind Environ Cris Q 1996;9:482-511.

142. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). Risk-informed education programming for resilience. 2019. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/media/65436/file/Risk-informed education programming for resilience:Guidance note.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

143. Peacock WG, Kunreuther H, Hooke WH, Cutter SL, Chang SE, Berke PR. Toward a resiliency and vulnerability observatory network: RAVON. 2008. Available from: https://www.nehrp.gov/pdf/ravon.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

144. Tong TMT, Shaw R, Takeuchi Y. Climate disaster resilience of the education sector in Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Vietnam. Nat Hazards 2012;63:685-709.

145. Shiwaku K, Ueda Y, Oikawa Y, Shaw R. School disaster resilience assessment in the affected areas of 2011 East Japan earthquake and tsunami. The Netherlands: Springer; 2016.

146. Almufti I, Willford M. REDiTM rating system: resilience-based earthquake design initiative for the next generation of buildings. 2013. Available from: https://www.arup.com/perspectives/publications/research/section/redi-rating-system [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

147. Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M. Performance-based metamodel for healthcare facilities. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 2011;40:1197-217.

148. Kalaja R, Myshketa R, Scalera F. Service quality assessment in health care sector: the case of Durres public hospital. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2016;235:557-65.

149. Maxwell JR. Perspectives in NHS management: quality assessment in health. Br Med J 1984;288:1470-2. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/29515134 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023]

150. Dong Y, Frangopol D. Probabilistic assessment of an interdependent healthcare-bridge network system under seismic hazard. J Struct Infrastruct Eng 2017;13:160-70.

151. Lupoi A, Cavalieri F, Franchin P. Seismic resilience of regional health-care systems. In: Safety, reliability, risk and life-cycle performance of structures and infrastructures - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR 2013). London: Taylor & Francis Group; 2013. pp. 4221-8.

152. McCarthy K, Mcgee HM, Boyle CAO. Outpatient clinic waiting times and non-attendance as indicators of quality. Psychol Health Med 2010;5:287-93.

153. Porter KA, Wald DJ, Allen T, Jaiswal KS. An empirical relationship between fatalities and instrumental MMI. 2007. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-empirical-relationship-between-fatalities-and-Porter-Wald/9c41daa97f5142b0c7c188e3054b8e8bf68bc0be [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

154. Jia P, Wang F, Xierali IM. Differential effects of distance decay on hospital inpatient visits among subpopulations in Florida, USA. Environ Monit Assess 2019;191:381.

155. Luo W, Wang F. Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: synthesis and a case study in the chicago region. Environ Plan B Plan Des 2003;30:865-84.

156. Wang F. Measurement, optimization, and impact of health care accessibility: a methodological review. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 2012;102:1104-12.

157. Mills AF, Argon NT, Ziya S. Dynamic distribution of patients to medical facilities in the aftermath of a disaster. Oper Res 2018;66:716-32.

158. Hall TNT, McDonald A, Peleg K. Identifying factors that may influence decision-making related to the distribution of patients during a mass casualty incident. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2018;12:101-8.

159. Abir M, Davis MM, Sankar P, Wong AC, Wang SC. Design of a model to predict surge capacity bottlenecks for burn mass casualties at a large academic medical center. Prehosp Disaster Med 2013;28:23-32.

160. Kyriacou DN, Dobrez D, Parada JP, et al. Cost-effectiveness comparison of response strategies to a large-scale anthrax attack on the Chicago metropolitan area: impact of timing and surge capacity. Biosecur Bioterror 2012;10:264-79.

161. Olafson K, Ramsey C, Yogendran M, et al. Surge capacity: analysis of census fluctuations to estimate the number of intensive care unit beds needed. Health Serv Res 2015;50:237-52.

162. Shabanikiya H, Gorgi HA, Seyedin H, Jafari M. Assessment of hospital management and surge capacity in disasters. Trauma Mon 2016;21:1-5.

163. Watson SK, Rudge JW, Coker R. Health systems’ “surge capacity”: state of the art and priorities for future research. Milbank Q 2013;91:78-122.

164. McDaniels T, Chang S, Cole D, Mikawoz J, Longstaff H. Fostering resilience to extreme events within infrastructure systems: characterizing decision contexts for mitigation and adaptation. Glob Environ Chang 2008;18:310-8.

165. Shang Q, Wang T, Jichao L. Seismic resilience assessment of emergency departments based on the state tree method. Struct Saf 2020;85:3.

166. Haimes YY, Jiang P. Leontief-based model of risk in complex interconnected infrastructures. J Infrastruct Syst 2001;7:1-12.

167. Hassan EM, Mahmoud HN. Orchestrating performance of healthcare networks subjected to the compound events of natural disasters and pandemic. Nat Commun 2021;12:1338.

168. Loosemore M, Carthey J, Chandra V, Chand AM. Risk management of extreme weather events: a case study of Coffs Harbour base hospital, Australia. 2010. Available from: file:///C:/Users/oae/Desktop/Presentation.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

169. Loosemore M, Chow VW, Carthey J, McGeorge D. The adaptive capacity of hospital facilities to cope with the risk of disasters caused by extreme weather events: a case study approach. 2011. Available from: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/conference_contribution/The_adaptive_capacity_of_hospital_facilities_to_cope_with_the_risk_of_disasters_caused_by_extreme_weather_events_a_case_study_approach_/9428216 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023]

170. Loosemore M, Carthey J, Chandra V, Chand AM. Climate change risks and opportunities in hospital adaptation. Int J Disaster Resil Built Environ 2011;2:210-21.

171. Chow VW, Loosemore M, McDonnell G. Modelling the impact of extreme weather events on hospital facilities management using a system dynamics approach. 2012. pp. 1157-66. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/288367943.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

172. Chand AM, Loosemore M. Hospital facility resilience: an adaptation framework for extreme weather events. Available from: https://www.arcom.ac.uk/-docs/proceedings/ar2012-0101-0110_Chand_Loosemore.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023]

173. Loosemore M, Chow V, Harvison T. Inter-agency governance risk in managing hospital responses to extreme weather events in New South Wales, Australia: A facilities management perspective of shared situational awareness. Constr Manag Econ 2013;31:1072-82.

174. Loosemore M, Chow V, McGeorge D. Managing the health risks of extreme weather events by managing hospital infrastructure. Eng Constr Archit Manag 2014;21:4-32.

175. Chand AM, Loosemore M. Hospital disaster management’s understanding of built environment impacts on healthcare services during extreme weather events. Eng Constr Archit Manag 2016;23:385-402.

176. Loosemore M, Chand A. Barriers to building resilience to extreme weather events in Australian hospitals. 2016. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/BARRIERS-TO-BUILDING-RESILIENCE-TO-EXTREME-WEATHER-Loosemore-Chand/f17b3b20197ad5c73b182b65e4cb4c8e83cac761 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

177. Arboleda CA. Vulnerability assessment of the operation of health care facilities during disaster events. 2006. Available from: https://www.proquest.com/docview/305268125?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

178. Wears RL, Perry SJ, McFauls A. Dynamic changes in reliability and resilience in the emergency department. Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meeting 2007;2:612-6.

179. Arboleda CA, Abraham DM, Richard JPP, Lubitz R. Vulnerability assessment of health care facilities during disaster events. J Infrastruct Syst 2009;15:149-61.

180. Kanno T, Fujii T, Watari R, Furuta K. Modeling and simulation of a service system in a disaster to assess its resilience. In: The 4th resilience engineering symposium. 2011. Available from: https://books.openedition.org/pressesmines/1021?lang=en [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023]

181. Fischbacher-Smith D, Fischbacher-Smith M. The vulnerability of public spaces: challenges for UK hospitals under the “new” terrorist threat. Public Manag Rev 2013;15:330-43.

182. Vugrin E, Verzi S, Finley P, et al. Modeling hospitals’ adaptive capacity during a loss of infrastructure services. J Healthc Eng 2015;6:85-120.

183. Guinet A, Faccincani R. Hospital’s vulnerability assessment. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (IESM). 21-23 October 2015; Seville, Spain. Available from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7380166 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023]

184. Takim R, Samsuddin NM, Nawawi AH. Assessing the content validity of hospital disaster resilience assessment instrument. J Teknol 2016;78:35-42.

185. Hassan EM, Mahmoud H. Impact of COVID-19 second wave on healthcare networks in the United States. medRxiv 2020;7:20151217.

186. Cote M. Understanding patient flow. 2000. Available from: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=G7AWX0QAAAAJ&citation_for_view=G7AWX0QAAAAJ:LkGwnXOMwfcC [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

187. Zonderlandaartje E, Boucherie RJ. Queuing networks in health care systems. In: Hall R, editor. Handbook of healthcare system scheduling. Boston, MA: Springer; 2012.

188. Dangerfield BC. System dynamics applications to European health care issues. J Oper Res Soc 1999;50:345-53.

189. Laskowski M, Demianyk BCP, Witt J, Mukhi SN, Friesen MR, McLeod RD. Agent-based modeling of the spread of influenza-like illness in an emergency department: a simulation study. In: IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine. 2011; pp. 877-89. Available from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5970118/ [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

190. Basaglia A, Spacone E, van de Lindt JW, Kirsch TD. A discrete-event simulation model of hospital patient flow following major earthquakes. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2022;71:102825.

191. Mahmoud H, Hassan EM. Recommendations on achieving healthcare resilience following extreme events. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers; 2022. pp. 211-33.

192. Achour N, Price ADF. Resilience strategies of healthcare facilities: present and future. Int J Disaster Resil Built Environ 2010;1:264-76.

193. Wachs P, Saurin TA, Righi AW, Wears RL. Resilience skills as emergent phenomena: a study of emergency departments in Brazil and the United States. Appl Ergon 2016;56:227-37.

194. UNESCO. Migration, displacement and education: Building bridges, not walls. 2019. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000366946/PDF/366946eng.pdf.multi [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

195. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Monitoring educational equity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2019.

196. Patry D, Ford R. Measuring resilience as an education outcome. 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305429377 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

197. Caspersen J, Jens-Christian S, Aamodt O. Measuring learning outcomes. Eur J Educ 2017;52:20-30.

198. Discher A, Bruner C, Chang H. Chronic elementary absenteeism: a problem hidden in plain sight. 2011. Available from: https://www.attendanceworks.org/chronic-elementary-absenteeism-a-problem-hidden-in-plain-sigh/ [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

199. Salgong VK, Ngumi O, Chege K. The role of guidance and counseling in enhancing student discipline in secondary schools in koibatek district. J Educ Pract 2016;7:142-51. Available from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1102862.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023]

200. Patterson WG. Guidance: the role of the administrator. 1966. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/30182957 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

201. Joint Economic Committee - Republicans. Zoned out: how school and residential zoning limit educational opportunity. 2019. Available from: https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republicans/2019/11/zoned-out-how-school-and-residential-zoning-limit-educational-opportunity [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

202. International Finance Corporation (IFC). Disaster and emergency preparedness: guidance for schools. 2010. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/ae3f3e01-b2fa-559d-b023-73d4a4ef8193 [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

203. UNISCO. Education4Resilience. 2022. Available from: https://education4resilience.iiep.unesco.org/en [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

204. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Programmatic environmental assessment: school infrastructure recovery and resiliency Puerto Rico. 2022. Available from: https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_4339-4473-pea-schools_12152022.pdf [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

205. Bounds A. Jamestown Elementary welcomes students for first time since September floods. 2014. Available from: https://www.dailycamera.com/2014/08/21/jamestown-elementary-welcomes-students-for-first-time-since-september-floods/#:~:text=JAMESTOWN - Fifteen students came back,giving the two kindergartners roses [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

206. Gates SM, Ringel JS, Santibanez L, Ross KE, Chung CH. Who is leading our schools? An overview of school administrators and their careers. 2003. Available from: https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1679.html [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

207. Digital Promise. Improving Ed-tech purchasing. 2014. Available from: https://digitalpromise.org/2014/11/13/improving-ed-tech-purchasing/ [Last accessed on 13 Mar 2023].

Disaster Prevention and Resilience
ISSN 2832-4056 (Online)
Follow Us

Portico

All published articles will be preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles will be preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/